Análise experimental de sistemas de polias fixas e móveis no ensino de física

Abstract

This work presents an experimental proposal using fixed and movable pulley systems to analyze the relationship between force and mechanical configuration in equilibrium situations. The main objective was to investigate the physical principles involved in these systems, focusing on statics and the distribution of force in different pulley arrangements. Three setups with movable pulleys and three with fixed pulleys were built and tested using accessible and low-cost materials such as wooden boards, cables, pulleys, and a calibrated digital scale. The methodology included bibliographic research and experimental practice guided by quantitative analysis. The collected data were recorded in tables and graphs, showing consistency with the theoretical prediction of mechanical advantage in systems with movable pulleys. The results confirmed the progressive reduction in the required force as the number of movable pulleys increased, as well as the constancy of force in systems with fixed pulleys. The proposal proved to be viable for application in Physics teaching, contributing to teacher training by articulating theory and practice, and offering an investigative approach to the teaching of mechanics.