Ensino e formação para o trabalho: a Lei nº 5.692/1971 e a busca por vocações no 1º grau

Abstract

The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze how Law No. 5,692/1971 addressed primary education, specifically regarding the pedagogical techniques suggested by the legislation, focusing on vocational training. To corroborate the relevance of this work, we have listed its specific objectives: to historically contextualize the creation of Law No. 5,692/1971; to analyze Law No. 5,692/1971 based on its content and the relationship established with other legal regulations; and finally, to understand how vocational training was present in teaching materials used in primary education. This research employs documentary analysis as its methodology, conducted through a study of two textbooks from the subject "Education for Work – Aptitude Assessment," 7th grade, and "Education for Work – Professional Choice," 8th grade, both by the author Lurdes de Bortoli, as well as the use of other sources (legislation and media disseminated by the governments at the time), these seen as means to understand the political and socioeconomic scenario of the beginning of the Dictatorship, especially the "Economic Miracle." A literature review was also carried out, using authors such as Dreifuss (1981), Kucinski and Branford (1987), Veloso; Villela and Giambiagi (2008), among others. Nevertheless, the following questions arise: how did this Law address primary education? What practices were used or recommended to educate young people with the goal of preparing them for work, even though it was not yet mandatory at that level? Having established this, we seek to contextualize the Brazilian State taken over by the coup launched by the Military in conjunction with a select group of civilians, thus beginning the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985). This period was marked by significant changes in various areas of society, mainly in the economy and education. The various measures taken led the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to grow, on average, 11% per year, a fact that became known as the "Economic Miracle" (1968-1973), a result of the Government's Economic Action Plan (PAEG), which proved to be a real stain on the national economy, since to sustain such favorable financial indicators, underhanded measures were necessary to sponsor the so-called miracle. With the establishment of multinational companies in Brazil, the qualification of the workforce became necessary. The government needed to create a legal instrument so that young people could work in this growing niche, and for this purpose Law No. 5,692/1971 was enacted, making vocational education compulsory in secondary education, but already instilling the awakening of vocations in primary school students. Therefore, we can infer the relevance of the analysis in this research to corroborate the premise that the vocationalization of education was already happening in the final years of that school level. This point is ratified when we study the content present in the two textbooks of the subject Education for Work. Thus, we hope that this work will be a lasting source for consultations on the subject, aiming for our generation and future generations to understand the impact of the research presented here