Geração de resíduos sólidos urbanos e o consumismo: uma proposta de construção da cidadania à luz da CTS

Abstract

The generation of urban solid waste is a very expensive socio-environmental problem for our society. And the efforts of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) have not yet managed to reach acceptable targets in this regard. In this perspective, the wave of consumerism incorporated as a fad for the population through social networks comes to be a negative reinforcement in relation to achieving balance in terms of managing this waste. In addition to this, it is perceived that the teaching of Chemistry may play a role in safeguarding socio-environmental issues in its pedagogical work. Therefore, an important aspect that is considered in this study is that the “Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry” indicates the potential that could create an interdisciplinary dialogue with these socio-environmental demands mentioned above. In this structure, the focus or educational approach Science-TechnologySociety - STS emerges. In view of the above, this work aimed to investigate how the implementation of a didactic sequence of STS approach can enable the construction of citizenship from the "Generation of Urban Solid Waste" and "Consumerism" with an indication of connection with the "Concepts Basics of Organic Chemistry”. We can classify this research as explanatory and exploratory and, regarding the approach of the collected data, quantitative and qualitative. Our theoretical foundation was basically based on: ABRELPE (2020); BRAZIL (2010); Santos, Costa and Santos (2019); Bittencourt (2011); Costa (2012); Von Linsenger (2007); Auler (2003); Xavier and Alves (2022); Setti, Gibin and Ferreira (2018) and Macedo (2018) while our methodological path was based on: Bogdan and Biklen (1997); Morettin and Bussab (2010); Bardin (2011); Monteiro and Hora (2013); Tripp (2005); Albino et. al. (2021); Camargo and Justo and Alonço (2022). Basically, our methodological path was divided into three distinct stages. The first was the survey and analysis of academic productions mediated by the IRAMUTEQ software and also through floating readings. Then, we had the documental analysis that included the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), Pedagogical Political Project (PPP) and PNRS, according to the content analysis technique of Bardin (2011). Finally, action research was developed and applied in the form of “workshops” for third grade high school students at EEM Lauro Rebouças de Oliveira. Regarding the content analysis of the BNCC, PPP and PNRS, it was possible to observe the emergence of categories such as “Teaching Chemistry” and “STS Approach” (BNCC); “Interdisciplinarity in school teaching at the service of training for citizenship” (PPP) and Generation of Urban Waste and Consumption (GRSU). Since, such emerging categories of the investigated documents communicate directly or indirectly with our aforementioned research object. Regarding the State of Knowledge, we consider that the relationship between the management of urban waste and consumerism for the teaching of Chemistry is configured as an innovative pedagogical action, since none of the academic productions surveyed set up a strategy along these lines. About the third stage of this research, in which meetings were held in workshop formats, which were called “Working with Consumerism” and “The construction of flat formulas from the reuse of waste”. These had a considerably positive acceptance by the students, as indicated by the final questionnaire. It is worth mentioning that the Directed Textual Production (PDT) was both able to provide us with a detailed overview of what they think about these themes and it was also an opportunity for students to weave and mature their arguments regarding these addressed issues, an action in which it is of great value for the construction of citizenship.