“Espelho, espelho meu”: um olhar sobre as práticas pedagógicas de educação física a partir da imagem corporal de estudantes do ensino médio integrado

Abstract

This study had as its theme the relations between the integral human formation ventilated by the pedagogical practices of Physical Education in Professional Education and the human body image of the students from the Integrated High School. Thus, it had as a general objective to understand the relations between the integral human formation suggested by the pedagogical practices of Physical Education in Professional Education and the human body image of Integrated High School students, and as specific objectives to unveil the places of the human body in the pedagogical proposal of Professional Education in face of the reality of contemporary youths; to point out how the pedagogical practices experienced in the context of Physical Education in Integrated High School relate to the integral human formation postulated by Professional Education; and reveal how the idea of omnilateral education is reflected in the pedagogical practices of Physical Education based on the analysis of the human body image of students in Integrated High School. An investigation of a qualitative nature, of the explanatory type, characterized as a field study was developed. Initially, the research consisted of the analysis of the guiding documents of Professional Education and studies of Physical Education teachers from the Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) that addressed pedagogical practices in this area in Professional Education, through a Discursive Textual Analysis, as well as a selection of images presented in an artistic exhibition by Integrated High School students. A field research was developed in two stages, with a sample composed of six female students from the IFRN – Campus Canguaretama. The first stage consisted in the application of a socioeconomic and demographic profile questionnaire, the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, and the Human Body Image Measurement Scale; the second stage consisted of the construction of Diaries Requested via WhatsApp, containing reports with an emphasis on human body dimensions. As a result, it was possible to notice that, given the reality of contemporary youths, the human body is significantly present in the pedagogical proposal of Professional Education, occupying a relevant role in the process of integral formation of these subjects. Moreover, it was evident that the pedagogical practices experienced in the context of Physical Education of Integrated High School provide students with the process of integral human formation postulated by Professional Education, through the development of interdisciplinary, rich, and innovative practices, which overcome the technical perspectives in the teaching of this curricular component. Therefore, the analysis of the human body image of the participants in this research allowed the conclusion that the idea of omnilateral training is effectively reflected in the pedagogical practices of Physical Education, evidencing the central role of this curricular component in the process of self-acceptance of the human body image and recovery of self-esteem, as well as in the general emancipation and integral human formation of Integrated High School students.