Percepção de atores sociais, como ferramenta de planejamento participativo para gestão sustentável da orla da ZPA 07 do município de Natal/RN

Abstract

Coastal areas have been the target of intense human occupation and economic activity. In Brazil, this situation is even more pronounced, as most large cities are located near the coast, placing significant pressure on these areas, particularly from economic and leisure activities. However, these areas are home to complex and vulnerable natural ecosystems, requiring constant attention from public management regarding their use and occupation. In Natal, the coastline corresponding to Environmental Protection Zone 07 (ZPA 07) is a prime example of these conflicts, as it encompasses fragile ecosystems, Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), and historical and cultural heritage sites, such as Forte dos Reis Magos. Furthermore, it concentrates significant economic activities, which require management strategies capable of reconciling the area's differences with environmental preservation. In this context, this research aims to analyze the perceptions and expectations of a group of traders operating in the area, in light of current legal regulations, in order to support participatory planning processes for the sustainable management of this space. To achieve its objective, the research adopted a qualitative and quantitative approach, through semi-structured interviews conducted between July and August 2025 (n=13). The data obtained were processed using descriptive statistics and content analysis, complemented by a technical-legal analysis of the applicable urban and environmental legislation. The results highlighted: (i) insufficient and, in some aspects, absent infrastructure and public services, requiring various types of investment and improvements; (ii) irregular occupation of APP areas, indicating the need to relocate existing activities to suitable areas; (iii) social and economic vulnerability of traders; (iv) low familiarity of the interviewees with the conceptual and legal conditions related to occupation of the ZPA/restinga; (v) willingness of traders to adhere to planning actions in the area; (vi) a lack of dialogue between public administration and the local population, highlighting the need to implement ongoing mechanisms for social participation. Based on these findings and guided by legal constraints, the research formulates an Integrative Scenario that seeks to reconcile the economic use of the ZPA 07 waterfront with the area's environmental preservation, within a context of participatory management that promotes legal certainty and social justice. The conclusion is that a just transition is possible that reconciles environmental protection and the maintenance of local economic activity, providing concrete support for public decision-making regarding the development of Natal's waterfront.