Síntese de carbono ativado a partir do uso de resíduo gerado em estação de tratamento de esgotos domésticos

Abstract

Environmental pollution is a phenomenon that arose before the expansion and growth of the world population. Currently, there is a great concern about the pollution of natural resources. This contamination has increased considerably in the last decades because the development has not been accompanied by regulations that allow the prevention and control of the contamination and by an evaluation of environmental impacts. There are still gaps in landfills and dumps, mainly in the dumps, even though there is inspection. The sludge that is formed in the treatment plants is always dumped in landfills or dumps, and this leads to the production of leachate and toxic gases, since the material has a lot of organic matter. In this context, this study was carried out with the objective of transforming the waste generated at the Sewage Treatment Plant - ETE into activated carbon and assess its potential. For the evaluation of the potential of the material, the methylene blue aromatic compound was used. The methodology applied in this study included the synthesis of the activated carbon using ETE residue and the characterization of the material by the zero point method and determination of the acid groups. In the synthesis the precursor was carbonized in a muffle furnace. Two materials, activated carbon 1 and 2 were used. After activation, the material passed through kinetic and efficiency tests. For the efficiency test, a commercial carbon (WV 1050) was introduced as comparative with the other two materials. As a result of the characterization, the zero charge potential was: 6.23 and 7.38, respectively, for the activated carbons 1 and for the activated carbon 2. For the acid groups, the carboxylic, lactonic and phenolic groups were tested for And the results were 19.0%, 15.8%, 65.0% for activated carbon 1 and 64.8%, 35.1% and 0% for activated carbon 2, respectively. In the kinetic test, the material had an excellent behavior, as both had the initial adsorption in 20 minutes for CA 1 and 5 minutes for CA 2. And the material was very efficient, CA 2 had an efficiency of 100% At pH 7, while CA 1 its efficiency was 51.2% at pH 10 and WV 1050 at 98.8% at pH 10. This data showed that CA 2 was very effective ahead of the two used, with Showing that sludge may be a good precursor for being converted to activated carbon.