As instituições de aprendizagem de ofícios durante o período joanino no Brasil: formação de artistas e artífices no Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

The present research addresses the craft learning institutions created during the Johannine period in Rio de Janeiro, from 1809 to 1819. It aims to investigate these educational institutions for learning crafts in the quest to understand the training of apprentice artists and apprentices at that time. It is inserted in the theme of the history of professional education in Brazil, setting up a historical research. As for the methodology, aspects of the evidentiary method, by Carlo Ginzburg, were used in which the main sources were manuscripts, creation-decrees and newspapers of the time. For discussion and dialogue of the investigation it is based on Carlo Ginzburg (1989); Celso Fonseca (1961); Certeau (1982); Cunha (2000); Foucault (1999); Frago and Augustin (2001); Julia (2001); Le Goff (1990); Magalhães (2004); Manfredi (2002); Maria Ciavatta (2015); Rampazzo (2005); Chartier (1990). The study demonstrates that the acts of D. João VI during the Johannine period in Brazil configured actions for the establishment of the apprenticeship of trades. The institutions called Colégio das Fábricas and Companhia de Artífices do Arsenal do Army were created with the purpose of developing, in the privileged place of the workshop, the training of apprentices in the mechanical arts from the first decades of the 19th century onwards.