Uma proposta didática interativa para o ensino de energia cinética de rotação e energia cinética de rolamento mediada pelo uso do software algodoo

Abstract

The Basic Education in Brazilian schools is very outdated, being carried out to prepare students only to answer exercises without worrying about the acquisition learning focused on citizenship, even if with the legislation which aims at this goal. The lack of teachers' proficience; the poor working conditions and the devaluation of those professionals, as well, end up triggering this chaotic scenario, what unmotivates consequently the students' interest for the knowledge of science, especially in the teaching of Physics. Considering the needs for teachers to qualify themselves to meet current educational demands, this abstract presents an interactive didactic proposal for teaching the kinetic energy of rotation and rolling. For this matter, it was necessary to develop a didactic sequence (DS: Didatic Sequence) based on the Potentially Significant Teaching Units (PSTU), by Marco Antonio Moreira, which is influenced by the Meaningful Learning Theory (MLT) by David Paul Ausubel for a teaching approach related to this topic, using a digital book which presents free educational software for virtual simulations of the physical phenomena in progress herein. The DS was developed by being conducted for the students' classes of a 1st Grade level, group “A”, during the morning shift at the Professor Eliah Maia do Rêgo public high School in Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte State, from May to July 2024. For that class activity, the e-book “Algodoo and the Rotational Dynamics” was achieved by addressing not only the contents that were used in the DS, but also all the rotational dynamics with an adaptable language, mainly, for High School series, which use the mentionable program as a resource to mediate the desirable learnability process. During the application of the SD, it was essential to investigate the students' prior knowledge regarding the kinetic energies of rotation and rolling for promoting the evolution of learning through the practical use of the software by stimulating the students' interest in the subject through a significant learning experience by also evaluating the application of the didactic sequence as an instrument for knowledge formation. To construct the research data, which had a qualitative nature, the procedures used were: application of individual questionnaires; a handbook for creating a virtual laboratory using Algodoo; and critical observations related to the students' participation during the activities assignment for classroom activities. These data were analyzed according to the steps for constructing a PSTU and, from this analysis, it was possible to identify the development of the proposed objectives, mainly regarding to the perceptions of learning focused on the social context of the students, such as the importance of the conscious use of the energy produced for the development of today's society, especially those that use, in some part of their production, the concepts of rotational energy. So, we conclude that the didactic proposal was successful, as it was able to provide evidence of capture of meanings, understanding, ability to explain and apply knowledge to solve problem situations, characteristics that summarize the concept of meaningful learning, making this proposal provide them the capacity for critical thinking and decision-making before society, based on scientific knowledge.