A contribuição da interdisciplinaridade para o ensino de geografia e ciências da natureza nos anos finais do ensino fundamentaL

Abstract

This paper deals with interdisciplinarity, an educational methodology that seeks to integrate and synthesize knowledge from different disciplines by involving the problematization of reality and the systematic organization of knowledge in an integrated manner. This approach overcomes the limitations of isolated disciplines, captivates students' interest, and shows how one discipline complements another. This research presents a documentary and bibliographic study on the subject, definitions, historicity, and applications in the teaching of Geography in the final years of Elementary School, integrated with the area of Natural Sciences. Through research referenced in theorists such as Fazenda (2008a; 2008b; 2015), Freire (1967; 1987), Piaget (1979) apud Oliveira e Sampaio (2022), among others, and in documentary research in official documents such as the National Education Plan and the National Common Curricular Base, the importance of interdisciplinary teaching of the mentioned disciplines and its contribution to the teaching and learning process was sought to be justified. The Human Sciences help students understand the world in time and space, promote a critical view of human actions and social relations, and encourage the appreciation of human rights, respect for the environment, and reflection on human experiences. Geography is essential for the development of these skills, as it helps in the formation of cultural and social identities, and develops spatial thinking and geographical reasoning, thus being seen as an interdisciplinary discipline that prepares students to interact with the world in a conscious and critical manner. The interdisciplinary teaching of Geography and Sciences enriches the understanding of geographical and environmental phenomena, allowing a more complete analysis of natural processes, broadening the student's horizon, promoting a holistic and critical view of the interactions between humans and the environment, and develops essential skills to face contemporary challenges consciously. With this approach, it is expected that students will enrich their worldview, associate knowledge from different areas, and have their critical, creative, and observant vision developed, encouraging them to analyze facts from multiple perspectives and go beyond the boundaries of traditional disciplines.